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Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others) (OTC NSAIDS) Summary NSAIDs are most effective for mild to moderate pain accompanied by swelling and inflammation. These drugs relieve pain by inhibiting an enzyme in your body called cyclooxygenase. This enzyme makes hormone-like substances called prostaglandins, which are involved in the development of pain and inflammation. NSAIDs are especially helpful for arthritis and pain resulting from muscle sprains, strains, back and neck injuries or cramps. When taken as directed, NSAIDs are generally safe. But if more than the recommended dosage is taken — and sometimes even the recommended dosage — NSAIDs may cause nausea, stomach pain, stomach bleeding or ulcers. Large doses of NSAIDs can lead to kidney problems and fluid retention. Risk increases with age. If you regularly take NSAIDs, talk to your doctor so that he or she can monitor you for side effects. NSAIDs have a so-called ceiling effect, or limit to how much pain they can control. This means that beyond a certain dosage, they don't provide additional benefit. If someone has moderate to severe pain, exceeding the dosage limit may not help relieve the pain. Many NSAIDs require a prescription, but some lower-dose NSAIDs, such as aspirin and ibuprofen, are available over-the-counter. These drugs are used for the management of mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation. Pain, fever, and inflammation are promoted by the release in the body of chemicals called prostaglandins. Ibuprofen blocks the enzyme that makes prostaglandins (cyclooxygenase), resulting in lower levels of prostaglandins. As a consequence, inflammation, pain and fever are reduced.
Ibu Drugs such as Ibuprofen are used for the management of mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation. Pain, fever, and inflammation are promoted by the release in the body of chemicals called prostaglandins. Ibuprofen blocks the enzyme that makes prostaglandins (cyclooxygenase), resulting in lower levels of prostaglandins. As a consequence, inflammation, pain and fever are reduced. Ibuprofen is used for the treatment of mild to moderate pain, inflammation and fever caused by many and diverse diseases. For minor aches, mild to moderate pain, menstrual cramps, and fever, the usual adult dose is 200 or 400 mg every 4 to 6 hours. Arthritis is treated with 300 to 800 mg 3 or 4 times daily.
The most common side effects from
ibuprofen are
rash,
ringing in the ears,
headaches, dizziness, drowsiness,
abdominal pain,
nausea,
diarrhea,
constipation and
heartburn. NSAIDs reduce the ability of blood to clot and
therefore increase bleeding after an injury. Ibuprofen may cause
ulceration of the stomach or intestine, and the ulcers may
bleed. Sometimes, ulceration can occur without abdominal pain,
and black, tarry stools, weakness, and dizziness upon standing
(orthostatic hypotension) due to bleeding may be the only signs
of an ulcer. NSAIDs reduce the flow of blood to the kidneys and
impair function of the kidneys. The impairment is most likely to
occur in patients who already have impaired function of the
kidney or
congestive heart failure, and use of NSAIDs in these
patients should be cautious.
Source: Marketdata Enterprises, Inc., Chronic Pain Management Programs: A Market Analysis, Wikipedia, various other sources
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